October 15, 2024, Vol 332, No. 15, Pages 1221-1312

This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights: September 14-20, 2024

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):e2318402. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18402

Podcast: NPPV Strategies for Acute COPD, Malaria Rapid Tests in Africa, Review of Pneumonia, and more

Original Investigation

Blood Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer Disease in Primary Care and Secondary Care

Sebastian Palmqvist, MD, PhD; Pontus Tideman, MSc; Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1245-1257. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.13855

This prospective study evaluates a clinically available Alzheimer disease blood test in primary and secondary care using predefined biomarker cutoff values.

Audio: Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers

Editorial
Are Blood Tests for Alzheimer Disease Ready for Prime Time?
Stephen Salloway, MD, MS; Christopher Rowe, MD; Jeffrey M. Burns, MD, MS

JAMA
- Audio: Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers

Changes in Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Associations With Incident All-Cause Dementia

Yifei Lu, PhD; James Russell Pike, MBA; Jinyu Chen, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1258-1269. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6619

This cohort study characterizes temporal changes in plasma biomarkers, identifies factors associated with changes in plasma biomarkers over time, and evaluates the prospective associations of plasma biomarkers with late-life all-cause dementia.

Audio: Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers

Editorial
Are Blood Tests for Alzheimer Disease Ready for Prime Time?
Stephen Salloway, MD, MS; Christopher Rowe, MD; Jeffrey M. Burns, MD, MS

JAMA
- Audio: Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers

Malaria Rapid Tests, Febrile Illness Management, and Child Mortality Across Sub-Saharan African Countries

Han Zhang, PhD; Günther Fink, PhD; Jessica Cohen, PhD

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1270-1281. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.12589

This quasi-experimental study evaluates the association between the distribution of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and the management of febrile illness and mortality among children younger than 5 years of age in sub-Saharan African countries.

Editorial
The Crucial Role of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Malaria in Improving Fever Management
Osondu Ogbuoji, MBBS, MPH, ScD; Wendy Prudhomme O’Meara, PhD

JAMA

Research Letter

Health and the 2024 US Election

Pharmacy Benefit Manager Market Concentration for Prescriptions Filled at US Retail Pharmacies

Dima M. Qato, PharmD, MPH, PhD; Yugen Chen, MS; Karen Van Nuys, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1298-1299. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17332

This study analyzes pharmacy benefit manager market concentration for commercial insurance, Medicare Part D, and Medicaid managed care in the US.

Characteristics and Trends of Prehospital Encounters for Opioid Overdoses Among US Youth, 2018-2022

Jamie K. Lim, MD; Sriram Ramgopal, MD; Jennifer A. Hoffmann, MD, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1299-1302. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17341

This cross-sectional study analyzes characteristics of prehospital encounters for youth opioid overdoses and trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Viewpoint

Fetal Personhood Laws and Their Implications for Health Care

Carmel Shachar, JD, MPH; Lucy Tu, AB; Bhav Jain, BS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1231-1232. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14739

This Viewpoint explores the various types of state laws establishing fetal personhood and the potential implications of these laws on health care, patients, and clinicians.

The Supreme Court and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act—A Dangerous Time for Us All

Michele B. Goodwin, SJD; Allison M. Whelan, JD; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1233-1234. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14868

This Viewpoint explores recent US Supreme Court decisions and how they threaten the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act and the health, safety, and rights of pregnant persons throughout the country.

The Science of Biosimilars—Updating Interchangeability

Patrizia Cavazzoni, MD; Sarah Yim, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1235-1236. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.15225

This Viewpoint from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) summarizes a recent update to an FDA draft interchangeability guidance regarding the need for clinical switching studies to illustrate the FDA’s ongoing efforts to streamline the development of biosimilar medications that are in line with the latest science.

The Patent Trial and Appeals Board: A Target for Prescription Drug Patent Reform?

Janet Freilich, JD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1237-1238. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.15510

This Viewpoint summarizes the role of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) in reforming the drug patent process to avoid erroneously granted patents; highlights how other reform efforts, such as the PREVAIL Act, actually weaken the PTAB; and suggests changes to strengthen the PTAB and promote generic availability and reduced health care costs.

A Piece of My Mind

Speed Limits

Eleanor R. Menzin, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1239. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16273

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician discusses the ambiguity of diagnoses of patients and settles on honestly admitting when the parameters are unclear with an explanation of the range of possibilities.

Editorial

Are Blood Tests for Alzheimer Disease Ready for Prime Time?

Stephen Salloway, MD, MS; Christopher Rowe, MD; Jeffrey M. Burns, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

has audio

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1240-1241. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.12814

Audio: Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers

The Crucial Role of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Malaria in Improving Fever Management

Osondu Ogbuoji, MBBS, MPH, ScD; Wendy Prudhomme O’Meara, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1242-1244. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.13544

Review

Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review

Valerie M. Vaughn, MD, MSc; Robert P. Dickson, MD; Jennifer K. Horowitz, MA; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1282-1295. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14796

This Review summarizes current evidence on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and focuses on adults without immune-compromising conditions.

Audio: Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

JAMA Insights

Communicating Medicine

Word Choice and the Patient Encounter

Jeffrey D. Robinson, PhD; Douglas J. Opel, MD, MPH

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1296-1297. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.15857

This JAMA Insights in the Communicating Medicine series explores how differences in word choice can affect both visit interactions and visit outcomes in patient encounters.

Medical News & Perspectives

Thirty-Five Years of HIV Research in Africa—An Interview With Winners of the 2024 Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award

Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2024;332(15):1223-1225. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19030

This Medical News article is an interview with Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD, and Salim S. Abdool Karim, MBChB, PhD, who received the award for their decades of work on AIDS in Africa.

Podcast: Lasker Winners Discuss 35 Years of HIV Research in Africa

Quick Uptakes

What to Know About the Recent Rise in Parvovirus B19 Infections

Rita Rubin, MA

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2024;332(15):1226-1227. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19694

This Medical News article discusses the recent increase in parvovirus B19 infections in the US, resulting in a health advisory from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Medical News in Brief